Incivility in nursing education: A systematic literature review

Abstract
Incivility has been investigated worldwide in various settings including non-health and health care settings. However, it has become a growing concern in higher education including nurse education. This is particularly disconcerting since it is concerned with developing a caring profession. This systematic literature review aims to describe perceptions of students and members of faculty regarding incivility in #nursing education. It identifies and discusses gaps in the literature and the need for future studies. This review was part of a doctoral thesis to which more recent studies have been added. A systematic literature review was conducted using the following steps: identification of a research question, data searching, data selection and data analysis. The approach was conducted to provide clear systematic steps and accommodate varied methods. Four themes emerged from the analysis including: (i) perceived instances of incivility; (ii) factors related to incivility; (iii) the impact of incivility, and (iv) strategies for promoting civility in nursing education. The study also identifies the need for randomised-intervention studies that investigate the phenomena